Marine Litter Distribution and Density in European Seas, from the Shelves to Deep Basins
Identifieur interne : 000013 ( France/Analysis ); précédent : 000012; suivant : 000014Marine Litter Distribution and Density in European Seas, from the Shelves to Deep Basins
Auteurs : Christopher K. Pham [Portugal] ; Eva Ramirez-Llodra [Espagne, Norvège] ; Claudia H. S. Alt [Royaume-Uni] ; Teresa Amaro [Norvège] ; Melanie Bergmann [Allemagne] ; Miquel Canals [Espagne] ; Joan B. Company [Espagne] ; Jaime Davies [Royaume-Uni] ; Gerard Duineveld [Pays-Bas] ; François Galgani [France] ; Kerry L. Howell [Royaume-Uni] ; Veerle A. I. Huvenne [Royaume-Uni] ; Eduardo Isidro [Portugal] ; Daniel O. B. Jones [Royaume-Uni] ; Galderic Lastras [Espagne] ; Telmo Morato [Portugal] ; José Nuno Gomes-Pereira [Portugal] ; Autun Purser [Allemagne] ; Heather Stewart [Royaume-Uni] ; Inês Tojeira [Portugal] ; Xavier Tubau [Espagne] ; David Van Rooij [Belgique] ; Paul A. Tyler [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
Anthropogenic litter is present in all marine habitats, from beaches to the most remote points in the oceans. On the seafloor, marine litter, particularly plastic, can accumulate in high densities with deleterious consequences for its inhabitants. Yet, because of the high cost involved with sampling the seafloor, no large-scale assessment of distribution patterns was available to date. Here, we present data on litter distribution and density collected during 588 video and trawl surveys across 32 sites in European waters. We found litter to be present in the deepest areas and at locations as remote from land as the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone across the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The highest litter density occurs in submarine canyons, whilst the lowest density can be found on continental shelves and on ocean ridges. Plastic was the most prevalent litter item found on the seafloor. Litter from fishing activities (derelict fishing lines and nets) was particularly common on seamounts, banks, mounds and ocean ridges. Our results highlight the extent of the problem and the need for action to prevent increasing accumulation of litter in marine environments.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095839
PubMed: 24788771
PubMed Central: 4005782
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, Belgique, Espagne, France, Norvège, Pays-Bas, Portugal, Royaume-Uni
- Brême (Land), Catalogne, Collectivité territoriale de Corse, Province de Flandre-Orientale, Région flamande, Écosse, Østlandet
- Barcelone, Bastia, Brême, Gand, Oslo, Édimbourg
- Université de Barcelone, Université de Gand
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PMC:4005782Le document en format XML
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Pham</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Center of the Institute of Marine Research (IMAR) and Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of the Azores, Horta, Portugal</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Center of the Institute of Marine Research (IMAR) and Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of the Azores, Horta</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Horta</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Laboratory of Robotics and Systems in Engineering and Science (LARSyS), Lisbon, Portugal</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Robotics and Systems in Engineering and Science (LARSyS), Lisbon</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lisbon</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ramirez Llodra, Eva" sort="Ramirez Llodra, Eva" uniqKey="Ramirez Llodra E" first="Eva" last="Ramirez-Llodra">Eva Ramirez-Llodra</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Marine Biology section, Oslo, Norway</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Marine Biology section, Oslo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oslo</settlement><region nuts="2">Østlandet</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alt, Claudia H S" sort="Alt, Claudia H S" uniqKey="Alt C" first="Claudia H. S." last="Alt">Claudia H. S. Alt</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Southampton</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amaro, Teresa" sort="Amaro, Teresa" uniqKey="Amaro T" first="Teresa" last="Amaro">Teresa Amaro</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><addr-line>Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Bergen, Norway</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Bergen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bergen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bergmann, Melanie" sort="Bergmann, Melanie" uniqKey="Bergmann M" first="Melanie" last="Bergmann">Melanie Bergmann</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7"><addr-line>Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bremerhaven</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bremerhaven</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bremerhaven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Canals, Miquel" sort="Canals, Miquel" uniqKey="Canals M" first="Miquel" last="Canals">Miquel Canals</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff8"><addr-line>GRC Geociències Marines, Departament d′Estratigrafia, Paleontologia i Geociències Marines, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Campus de Pedralbes, Barcelona, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>GRC Geociències Marines, Departament d′Estratigrafia, Paleontologia i Geociències Marines, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Campus de Pedralbes, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Barcelone</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Company, Joan B" sort="Company, Joan B" uniqKey="Company J" first="Joan B." last="Company">Joan B. Company</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Davies, Jaime" sort="Davies, Jaime" uniqKey="Davies J" first="Jaime" last="Davies">Jaime Davies</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9"><addr-line>Marine Biology & Ecology Research Centre, Marine Institute, Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Marine Biology & Ecology Research Centre, Marine Institute, Plymouth University, Plymouth</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Plymouth</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Duineveld, Gerard" sort="Duineveld, Gerard" uniqKey="Duineveld G" first="Gerard" last="Duineveld">Gerard Duineveld</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10"><addr-line>Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Texel, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Texel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Texel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Galgani, Francois" sort="Galgani, Francois" uniqKey="Galgani F" first="François" last="Galgani">François Galgani</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff11"><addr-line>Institut Français de Recherche pour l′Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Bastia, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut Français de Recherche pour l′Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Bastia</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Collectivité territoriale de Corse</region><region type="old region">Collectivité territoriale de Corse</region><settlement type="city">Bastia</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Howell, Kerry L" sort="Howell, Kerry L" uniqKey="Howell K" first="Kerry L." last="Howell">Kerry L. Howell</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9"><addr-line>Marine Biology & Ecology Research Centre, Marine Institute, Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Marine Biology & Ecology Research Centre, Marine Institute, Plymouth University, Plymouth</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Plymouth</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huvenne, Veerle A I" sort="Huvenne, Veerle A I" uniqKey="Huvenne V" first="Veerle A. I." last="Huvenne">Veerle A. I. Huvenne</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff12"><addr-line>National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, Southampton, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, Southampton</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Southampton</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Isidro, Eduardo" sort="Isidro, Eduardo" uniqKey="Isidro E" first="Eduardo" last="Isidro">Eduardo Isidro</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Center of the Institute of Marine Research (IMAR) and Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of the Azores, Horta, Portugal</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Center of the Institute of Marine Research (IMAR) and Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of the Azores, Horta</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Horta</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Laboratory of Robotics and Systems in Engineering and Science (LARSyS), Lisbon, Portugal</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Robotics and Systems in Engineering and Science (LARSyS), Lisbon</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lisbon</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jones, Daniel O B" sort="Jones, Daniel O B" uniqKey="Jones D" first="Daniel O. B." last="Jones">Daniel O. B. Jones</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff12"><addr-line>National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, Southampton, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, Southampton</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Southampton</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lastras, Galderic" sort="Lastras, Galderic" uniqKey="Lastras G" first="Galderic" last="Lastras">Galderic Lastras</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff8"><addr-line>GRC Geociències Marines, Departament d′Estratigrafia, Paleontologia i Geociències Marines, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Campus de Pedralbes, Barcelona, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>GRC Geociències Marines, Departament d′Estratigrafia, Paleontologia i Geociències Marines, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Campus de Pedralbes, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Barcelone</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morato, Telmo" sort="Morato, Telmo" uniqKey="Morato T" first="Telmo" last="Morato">Telmo Morato</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Center of the Institute of Marine Research (IMAR) and Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of the Azores, Horta, Portugal</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Center of the Institute of Marine Research (IMAR) and Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of the Azores, Horta</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Horta</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Laboratory of Robotics and Systems in Engineering and Science (LARSyS), Lisbon, Portugal</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Robotics and Systems in Engineering and Science (LARSyS), Lisbon</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lisbon</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gomes Pereira, Jose Nuno" sort="Gomes Pereira, Jose Nuno" uniqKey="Gomes Pereira J" first="José Nuno" last="Gomes-Pereira">José Nuno Gomes-Pereira</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Center of the Institute of Marine Research (IMAR) and Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of the Azores, Horta, Portugal</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Center of the Institute of Marine Research (IMAR) and Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of the Azores, Horta</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Horta</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Laboratory of Robotics and Systems in Engineering and Science (LARSyS), Lisbon, Portugal</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Robotics and Systems in Engineering and Science (LARSyS), Lisbon</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lisbon</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Purser, Autun" sort="Purser, Autun" uniqKey="Purser A" first="Autun" last="Purser">Autun Purser</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff13"><addr-line>OceanLab, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>OceanLab, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Brême (Land)</region><settlement type="city">Brême</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stewart, Heather" sort="Stewart, Heather" uniqKey="Stewart H" first="Heather" last="Stewart">Heather Stewart</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff14"><addr-line>British Geological Survey, Murchison House, Edinburgh, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>British Geological Survey, Murchison House, Edinburgh</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement><region type="country">Écosse</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tojeira, Ines" sort="Tojeira, Ines" uniqKey="Tojeira I" first="Inês" last="Tojeira">Inês Tojeira</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff15"><addr-line>Portuguese Task Group for the Extension of the Continental Shelf (EMEPC), Paço de Arcos, Portugal</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Portuguese Task Group for the Extension of the Continental Shelf (EMEPC), Paço de Arcos</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Paço de Arcos</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tubau, Xavier" sort="Tubau, Xavier" uniqKey="Tubau X" first="Xavier" last="Tubau">Xavier Tubau</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff8"><addr-line>GRC Geociències Marines, Departament d′Estratigrafia, Paleontologia i Geociències Marines, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Campus de Pedralbes, Barcelona, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>GRC Geociències Marines, Departament d′Estratigrafia, Paleontologia i Geociències Marines, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Campus de Pedralbes, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Barcelone</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Rooij, David" sort="Van Rooij, David" uniqKey="Van Rooij D" first="David" last="Van Rooij">David Van Rooij</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff16"><addr-line>Renard Centre of Marine Geology (RCMG), Department of Geology and Soil Science, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Renard Centre of Marine Geology (RCMG), Department of Geology and Soil Science, Ghent University, Gent</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Gand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Gand</settlement><region>Région flamande</region><region type="district" nuts="2">Province de Flandre-Orientale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tyler, Paul A" sort="Tyler, Paul A" uniqKey="Tyler P" first="Paul A." last="Tyler">Paul A. Tyler</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Southampton</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Anthropogenic litter is present in all marine habitats, from beaches to the most remote points in the oceans. On the seafloor, marine litter, particularly plastic, can accumulate in high densities with deleterious consequences for its inhabitants. Yet, because of the high cost involved with sampling the seafloor, no large-scale assessment of distribution patterns was available to date. Here, we present data on litter distribution and density collected during 588 video and trawl surveys across 32 sites in European waters. We found litter to be present in the deepest areas and at locations as remote from land as the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone across the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The highest litter density occurs in submarine canyons, whilst the lowest density can be found on continental shelves and on ocean ridges. Plastic was the most prevalent litter item found on the seafloor. Litter from fishing activities (derelict fishing lines and nets) was particularly common on seamounts, banks, mounds and ocean ridges. Our results highlight the extent of the problem and the need for action to prevent increasing accumulation of litter in marine environments.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Galgani, F" uniqKey="Galgani F">F Galgani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hanke, G" uniqKey="Hanke G">G Hanke</name></author><author><name sortKey="Werner, S" uniqKey="Werner S">S Werner</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Vrees, L" uniqKey="De Vrees L">L De Vrees</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Moser, Ml" uniqKey="Moser M">ML Moser</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Ds" uniqKey="Lee D">DS Lee</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ryan, Pg" uniqKey="Ryan P">PG Ryan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bjorndal, Ka" uniqKey="Bjorndal K">KA 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Pham</name><name sortKey="Tojeira, Ines" sort="Tojeira, Ines" uniqKey="Tojeira I" first="Inês" last="Tojeira">Inês Tojeira</name></country><country name="Espagne"><region name="Catalogne"><name sortKey="Ramirez Llodra, Eva" sort="Ramirez Llodra, Eva" uniqKey="Ramirez Llodra E" first="Eva" last="Ramirez-Llodra">Eva Ramirez-Llodra</name></region><name sortKey="Canals, Miquel" sort="Canals, Miquel" uniqKey="Canals M" first="Miquel" last="Canals">Miquel Canals</name><name sortKey="Company, Joan B" sort="Company, Joan B" uniqKey="Company J" first="Joan B." last="Company">Joan B. Company</name><name sortKey="Lastras, Galderic" sort="Lastras, Galderic" uniqKey="Lastras G" first="Galderic" last="Lastras">Galderic Lastras</name><name sortKey="Tubau, Xavier" sort="Tubau, Xavier" uniqKey="Tubau X" first="Xavier" last="Tubau">Xavier Tubau</name></country><country name="Norvège"><region name="Østlandet"><name sortKey="Ramirez Llodra, Eva" sort="Ramirez Llodra, Eva" uniqKey="Ramirez Llodra E" first="Eva" last="Ramirez-Llodra">Eva Ramirez-Llodra</name></region><name sortKey="Amaro, Teresa" sort="Amaro, Teresa" uniqKey="Amaro T" first="Teresa" last="Amaro">Teresa Amaro</name></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Alt, Claudia H S" sort="Alt, Claudia H S" uniqKey="Alt C" first="Claudia H. S." last="Alt">Claudia H. S. Alt</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Davies, Jaime" sort="Davies, Jaime" uniqKey="Davies J" first="Jaime" last="Davies">Jaime Davies</name><name sortKey="Howell, Kerry L" sort="Howell, Kerry L" uniqKey="Howell K" first="Kerry L." last="Howell">Kerry L. Howell</name><name sortKey="Huvenne, Veerle A I" sort="Huvenne, Veerle A I" uniqKey="Huvenne V" first="Veerle A. I." last="Huvenne">Veerle A. I. Huvenne</name><name sortKey="Jones, Daniel O B" sort="Jones, Daniel O B" uniqKey="Jones D" first="Daniel O. B." last="Jones">Daniel O. B. Jones</name><name sortKey="Stewart, Heather" sort="Stewart, Heather" uniqKey="Stewart H" first="Heather" last="Stewart">Heather Stewart</name><name sortKey="Tyler, Paul A" sort="Tyler, Paul A" uniqKey="Tyler P" first="Paul A." last="Tyler">Paul A. Tyler</name></country><country name="Allemagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Bergmann, Melanie" sort="Bergmann, Melanie" uniqKey="Bergmann M" first="Melanie" last="Bergmann">Melanie Bergmann</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Purser, Autun" sort="Purser, Autun" uniqKey="Purser A" first="Autun" last="Purser">Autun Purser</name></country><country name="Pays-Bas"><noRegion><name sortKey="Duineveld, Gerard" sort="Duineveld, Gerard" uniqKey="Duineveld G" first="Gerard" last="Duineveld">Gerard Duineveld</name></noRegion></country><country name="France"><region name="Collectivité territoriale de Corse"><name sortKey="Galgani, Francois" sort="Galgani, Francois" uniqKey="Galgani F" first="François" last="Galgani">François Galgani</name></region></country><country name="Belgique"><region name="Région flamande"><name sortKey="Van Rooij, David" sort="Van Rooij, David" uniqKey="Van Rooij D" first="David" last="Van Rooij">David Van Rooij</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Terre/explor/CobaltMaghrebV1/Data/France/Analysis
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{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Terre
|area= CobaltMaghrebV1
|flux= France
|étape= Analysis
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:4005782
|texte= Marine Litter Distribution and Density in European Seas, from the Shelves to Deep Basins
}}
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